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Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven)
Symphony No. 3 in E-flat major, Opus 55 (also Italian ''Sinfonia Eroica'', ''Heroic Symphony'') is a structurally rigorous composition which marked the beginning of the creative middle-period of the composer Ludwig van Beethoven.〔''The Symphony'', ed. Ralph Hill, Pelican Books (1949), p. 99.〕〔''Symphony No. 6 in F Major'', Op. 68 ''Pastorale'' (Schott), ed. Max Unger, p. vi.〕
Beethoven began composing the third symphony soon after Symphony No. 2 in D major, Opus 36; he completed the composition in early 1804, and the first public performance of Symphony No. 3 was on 7 April 1805 in Vienna.〔''Beethoven'', Kegan, Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., London, 1930, p. 112〕
On display at the Lobkowicz Palace in Prague is a first published edition (1806) of Beethoven's Eroica, as well as other Beethoven treasures including manuscripts of the 4th and 5th symphonies, featuring Beethoven's own corrections and annotations for performance.
== Instrumentation ==
Symphony No. 3 is scored for two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets in B-flat, two bassoons, three horns (the 1st in E-flat, C, and F; the 2nd in E-flat and C; and the 3rd in E-flat), two trumpets in E-flat and C, timpani in E-flat and B-flat (in the 1st, 3rd, and 4th movements) and in C and G (in the 2nd movement), and strings.
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